Content validity of a novel patient-reported and observer-reported outcomes assessment to evaluate ocular symptoms associated with infectious conjunctivitis in both adult and pediatric populations

Abstract

Abstract Background Acute infectious conjunctivitis is a common condition most frequently caused by viruses or bacteria. Clinical outcome assessments have been used to assess signs and symptoms of bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, but have not been evaluated for content validity. We aimed to develop content-valid patient- (PRO) and observer-reported outcome (ObsRO) instruments to assess symptoms of ocular discomfort associated with viral or bacterial conjunctivitis in adult and pediatric patients. Methods Draft items were developed from a previous review of published studies from 2001 to 2015. Patients and caregivers of patients with a diagnosis of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis within the past 6 months were recruited. Concept elicitation with open-ended questions explored signs and symptoms, followed by cognitive interviewing to assess clarity and relevance of the draft items. Patients aged ≥8 years were interviewed for the PRO; parents/caregivers of children aged 1–10 years were interviewed for the ObsRO. Interviews were conducted in three rounds to allow changes. Concept saturation was documented using a saturation grid. Cognitive interview data were analyzed iteratively and focused on clarity, relevance and inconsistent interpretation of the instrument’s content. Results Overall, 23 patients or parents/caregivers participated (round 1, n = 10; round 2, n = 6; round 3, n = 7). Data saturation was reached by the 16th interview. The most frequent spontaneously reported signs/symptoms were: discharge, red/pink eyes, itchiness, swelling/puffiness, watery eyes, pain, burning and foreign body sensation. Itching, pain/burning/stinging and foreign body sensation were most commonly reported as the top three most bothersome symptoms. Interview results indicated that items on pain, itching and foreign body sensation for the PRO and pain or discomfort for the ObsRO were relevant to the patients’ experience of conjunctivitis and were clear and easy to understand. Conclusions PRO and ObsRO items were found to be clear, relevant and appropriate in assessing key viral and bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms in adult and pediatric patients.