Abstract
AbstractInterest in growing cannabis for medical and recreational purposes is increasing worldwide. This study reviews the environmental impacts of cannabis cultivation. Results show that both indoor and outdoor cannabis growing is water-intensive. The high water demand leads to water pollution and diversion, which could negatively affect the ecosystem. Studies found out that cannabis plants emit a significant amount of biogenic volatile organic compounds, which could cause indoor air quality issues. Indoor cannabis cultivation is energy-consuming, mainly due to heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting. Energy consumption leads to greenhouse gas emissions. Cannabis cultivation could directly contribute to soil erosion. Meanwhile, cannabis plants have the ability to absorb and store heavy metals. It is envisioned that technologies such as precision irrigation could reduce water use, and application of tools such as life cycle analysis would advance understanding of the environmental impacts of cannabis cultivation.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference65 articles.
1. Atkinson R, Arey J. Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds: a review. Atmos Environ. 2003;37:197–219.
2. Balasubramanian S, Nelson A, Koloutsou-Vakakis S, Lin J, Rood MJ, Myles L, et al. Evaluation of DeNitrification DeComposition model for estimating ammonia fluxes from chemical fertilizer application. Ag Forest Meteor. 2017;237:123–34.
3. Barbir F, Veziroǧlu TN, Plass HJ Jr. Environmental damage due to fossil fuels use. Intern J Hydrogen Energy. 1990;15(10):739–49.
4. Barringer F. Marijuana crops in California threaten forests and wildlife. The New York Times; 2013. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/us/marijuana-crops-in-california-threaten-forests-and-wildlife.html.
5. Bauer S, Olson J, Cockrill A, Hattem M, Miller L, Tauzer M. Impacts of surface water diversions for marijuana cultivation on aquatic habitat in four northwestern California watersheds. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120016.
Cited by
20 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献