Author:
Tie Yan,Tang Fan,Wei Yu-quan,Wei Xia-wei
Abstract
AbstractImmunotherapies like the adoptive transfer of gene-engineered T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel therapeutic modalities for advanced cancers. However, some patients are refractory or resistant to these therapies, and the mechanisms underlying tumor immune resistance have not been fully elucidated. Immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressive cells, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tumor-associated dendritic cells are critical factors correlated with immune resistance. In addition, cytokines and factors secreted by tumor cells or these immunosuppressive cells also mediate the tumor progression and immune escape of cancers. Thus, targeting these immunosuppressive cells and the related signals is the promising therapy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies and reverse the immune resistance. However, even with certain success in preclinical studies or in some specific types of cancer, large perspectives are unknown for these immunosuppressive cells, and the related therapies have undesirable outcomes for clinical patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the phenotype, function, and potential therapeutic targets of these immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Funder
the National Natural Science Foundation of China
the National Natural Science Foundation Regional Innovation and Development
National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for “Significant New Drugs Development”
the Excellent Youth Foundation of Sichuan Scientific Committee Grant in China
the Key Programs of Sichuan Scientific Committee Grant in China
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cancer Research,Oncology,Molecular Biology,Hematology
Cited by
202 articles.
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