Spatial architecture of the immune microenvironment orchestrates tumor immunity and therapeutic response

Author:

Fu Tong,Dai Lei-Jie,Wu Song-Yang,Xiao Yi,Ma Ding,Jiang Yi-Zhou,Shao Zhi-Ming

Abstract

AbstractTumors are not only aggregates of malignant cells but also well-organized complex ecosystems. The immunological components within tumors, termed the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), have long been shown to be strongly related to tumor development, recurrence and metastasis. However, conventional studies that underestimate the potential value of the spatial architecture of the TIME are unable to completely elucidate its complexity. As innovative high-flux and high-dimensional technologies emerge, researchers can more feasibly and accurately detect and depict the spatial architecture of the TIME. These findings have improved our understanding of the complexity and role of the TIME in tumor biology. In this review, we first epitomized some representative emerging technologies in the study of the spatial architecture of the TIME and categorized the description methods used to characterize these structures. Then, we determined the functions of the spatial architecture of the TIME in tumor biology and the effects of the gradient of extracellular nonspecific chemicals (ENSCs) on the TIME. We also discussed the potential clinical value of our understanding of the spatial architectures of the TIME, as well as current limitations and future prospects in this novel field. This review will bring spatial architectures of the TIME, an emerging dimension of tumor ecosystem research, to the attention of more researchers and promote its application in tumor research and clinical practice.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Project of China

Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader

Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation for College Young Teachers

Innovation Team of Ministry of Education

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Shanghai Sailing Program for Youth S & T Talents

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology,Molecular Biology,Hematology

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