Assessment of level of asthma control and related factors in children attending pediatric respiratory clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract Background Asthma is a common airways disease with significant morbidity and mortality in all ages. Studies of pediatric asthma control and its determinants yielded variable results across settings. However, there is paucity of data on asthma control and its factors in Ethiopian children. We aimed to assess the level of asthma control and the related factors in children attending pediatric respiratory clinics at three tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from March 1 to August 30, 2020 using standardized questionnaires and review of patient’s charts. Data was analyzed using SPSS software for window version 26. Results A total of 105 children (56.2% male) were included in the study. The mean age (± SD) and age at Asthma diagnosis (± SD) were 6 (± 3.3) and 4 (± 2.8) respectively. Uncontrolled asthma was present in 33 (31%) of children. Comorbidities (Atopic dermatitis and allergic Rhinitis (AOR = 4.56; 95% CI 1.1–18.70; P = 0.035), poor adherence to controller medications (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI 1.20–10.20; P = 0.045), inappropriate inhaler technique (AOR = 3.48; 95% CI 1.18–10.3; P = 0.024), and lack of specialized care (AOR = 4.72; 95% CI 1.13–19.80; P = 0.034) were significantly associated with suboptimal asthma control. Conclusion One-third of children attending pediatric respiratory clinics in Addis Ababa had uncontrolled Asthma. Treatment of comorbidities, training of appropriate inhaler techniques, optimal adherence to controllers, and proper organization of clinics should be emphasized to improve asthma control among children.