PPAR agonists as effective adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines, by modifying immunogenetics: a review of literature
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Published:2021-05-31
Issue:1
Volume:19
Page:
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ISSN:2090-5920
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Container-title:Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:J Genet Eng Biotechnol
Author:
AbdelMassih Antoine FakhryORCID, Menshawey Rahma, Ismail Jumana H., Husseiny Reem J., Husseiny Yousef M., Yacoub Shenoda, Kamel Aya, Hozaien Rafeef, Yacoub Elaria, Menshawey Esraa, Abdelmalek Abanoub, Abouelazaem Ahmed, Elhatw Ahmed, Aboelmaaty Ahmed, Shahib Alaaelrahman, Mansour Amany, Kamal Aya, Mohamed Basant, Atif Bemen, Ghabreal Beshoy, Abdelmalak Catherine, Ibrahim David, Elsaify Ebtesam, Magdy Farah, Hanna Farid G., Hafez Hadeer, Dahir Hafsa, Merhom Kerlos, Ahmed Maram, Bishara Mariam, Tawfik Mina, Youssef Mina, El Sharnouby Mohamed, Hamouda Mourad, Ammar Musheera, Ali Nada, Daniel Nada, El-Husseiny Nadine, Abdelraouf Noha, Abdelhameed Nuran K., Ahmed Radwa, Othman Radwa, Mohamadein Rahma, Allam Rana, Elgendy Rana, Shebl Rana, Elsherbiney Saged, Fouad Sarah, Emel Sara, Owais Sara, Hetta Sarah, El-Saman Samah, Abdelalim Shaimaa, Galal Sherin, Asar Yara, Osman Yara, Khalaf Yasmeen, Aziz Youstina, Khafagy Yousra, Gamal Nervana, Castaldi Biagio
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several coronavirus vaccine have been fast-tracked to halt the pandemic, the usage of immune adjuvants that can boost immunological memory has come up to the surface. This is particularly of importance in view of the rates of failure of seroconversion and re-infection after COVID-19 infection, which could make the vaccine role and response debatable. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have an established immune-modulatory role, but their effects as adjuvants to vaccination have not been explored to date.
Main body of the abstract
It is increasingly recognized that PPAR agonists can upregulate the levels of anti-apoptotic factors such as MCL-1. Such effect can improve the results of vaccination by enhancing the longevity of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). The interaction between PPAR agonists and the immune system does not halt here, as T cell memory is also stimulated through enhanced T regulatory cells, antagonizing PD-L1 and switching the metabolism of T cells to fatty acid oxidation, which has a remarkable effect on the persistence of T memory cells. What is even of a more significant value is the effect of PPAR gamma on ensuring a profound secretion of antibodies upon re-exposure to the offending antigen through upregulating lipoxin B4, therefore potentially assisting the vaccine response and deterring re-infection.
Short conclusion
In view of the above, we suggest the use of PPAR as adjuvants to vaccines in general especially the emerging COVID-19 vaccine due to their role in enhancing immunologic memory through DNA-dependent mechanisms.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Genetics,Biotechnology
Reference55 articles.
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