The relationship between liver enzymes, prehypertension and hypertension in the Azar cohort population

Abstract

Abstract Background The incidence of hypertension (HTN) as a worldwide health problem is rising rapidly. Early identification and management of pre-HTN before HTN development can help reduce its related complications. We evaluated the relationship between liver enzymes levels and pre-HTN/HTN in the Azar cohort population. Method This cross-sectional study was based on data from the large Azar cohort study and a total of 14,184 participants were included. Pre-HTN and HTN were defined based on the American Heart Association guideline. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were measured by Pars Azmoon kits. The relationship between pre-HTN/HTN and liver enzyme levels was evaluated by logistic regression. Results Of 14,184 participants, 5.7% and 39.6% had pre-HTN and HTN, respectively. In the adjusted model, AST levels of 19–23 IU/l were associated with an elevated risk of pre-HTN (OR [95% CI]: 1.24 [1.04–1.48]). A dose-response increase was seen in pre-HTN in relation to ALT, with the highest OR in the third tertile (1.34 [1.09–1.63]). The odds of pre-HTN also increased with GGT in the third tertile (1.25[1.03–1.52]). In addition, the odds of HTN increased with increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT, such that the highest ORs were recorded in the third tertile (OR 1.22 [1.09–1.37], 1.51 [1.35–1.70], 1.19 [1.07–1.34], and 1.68 [1.49–1.89], respectively). Among these enzymes, GGT had the highest OR regarding HTN. Conclusion This study indicates that AST, ALT, ALP and GGT levels were associated with pre-HTN (except for ALP) and HTN, independent of known risk factors. Hence, it may be possible to use liver enzymes to predict the incidence of pre-HTN and HTN, empowering primary care providers to make the necessary interventions promptly.