Author:
Li Hailan,Lee Jong-Hyuk,Kim Su Yeon,Yun Hye-Young,Baek Kwang Jin,Kwon Nyoun Soo,Yoon Yoosik,Jeong Ji Hoon,Kim Dong-Seok
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) formulation is used for lipolytic injection, even though its mechanism of action is not well understood.
Methods
The viability of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells was measured after treatment of PPC alone, its vehicle sodium deoxycholate (SD), and a PPC formulation. Western blot analysis was performed to examine PPC-induced signaling pathways.
Results
PPC, SD, and PPC formulation significantly decreased 3T3-L1 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. PPC alone was not cytotoxic to CCD-25Sk human fibroblasts at concentrations <1 mg/ml, whereas SD and PPC formulation were cytotoxic. Western blot analysis demonstrated that PPC alone led to the phosphorylation of the stress signaling proteins, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and activated caspase-9, -8, -3 as well as cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. However, SD did not activate the apoptotic pathways. Instead, SD and PPC formulation induced cell membrane lysis, which may lead to necrosis of cells.
Conclusions
PPC results in apoptosis of 3T3-L1 cells.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Biochemistry (medical),Cell Biology,Clinical Biochemistry,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Cited by
21 articles.
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