Author:
Ahmed Ridwan O.,Ali Ali,Leeds Tim,Salem Mohamed
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The characteristic pink-reddish color in the salmonids fillet is an important, appealing quality trait for consumers and producers. The color results from diet supplementation with carotenoids, which accounts for up to 20–30% of the feed cost. Pigment retention in the muscle is a highly variable phenotype. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular basis for the variation in fillet color when rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fish families were fed an Astaxanthin-supplemented diet. We used RNA-Seq to study the transcriptome profile in the pyloric caecum, liver, and muscle from fish families with pink-reddish fillet coloration (red) versus those with lighter pale coloration (white).
Results
More DEGs were identified in the muscle (5,148) and liver (3,180) than in the pyloric caecum (272). Genes involved in lipid/carotenoid metabolism and transport, ribosomal activities, mitochondrial functions, and stress homeostasis were uniquely enriched in the muscle and liver. For instance, the two beta carotene genes (BCO1 and BCO2) were significantly under-represented in the muscle of the red fillet group favoring more carotenoid retention. Enriched genes in the pyloric caecum were involved in intestinal absorption and transport of carotenoids and lipids. In addition, the analysis revealed the modulation of several genes with immune functions in the pyloric caecum, liver, and muscle.
Conclusion
The results from this study deepen our understanding of carotenoid dynamics in rainbow trout and can guide us on strategies to improve Astaxanthin retention in the rainbow trout fillet.
Funder
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference94 articles.
1. Kumari S, Rajarani A, Bansal N, Dahuja A, Praveen S, Krishnan V, Kumar S. Extraction and estimation of provitamin A carotenoids from carrot. Omics meet Plant Biochemistry: Applications in Nutritional Enhancement with One Health Perspective 2019, 221.
2. Armstrong GA, Hearst JE. Genetics and molecular biology of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis. FASEB J. 1996;10(2):228–37.
3. Deming DM, Erdman JW. Mammalian carotenoid absorption and metabolism. Pure Appl Chem. 1999;71(12):2213–23.
4. Goodwin T. Metabolism, nutrition, and function of carotenoids. Annu Rev Nutr. 1986;6(1):273–97.
5. Ahmed RO, Ali A, Al-Tobasei R, Leeds T, Kenney B, Salem M. Weighted single-step GWAS identifies genes influencing Fillet Color in Rainbow Trout. Genes. 2022;13(8):1331.