Level of asthma control and its determinants among adults living with asthma attending selected public hospitals in northwestern, Ethiopia: using an ordinal logistic regression model

Abstract

Abstract Background Asthma is a major public health challenge and is characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing that vary in severity and frequency from person to person. Asthma control is an important measure of health outcomes of the patients with asthma and reflecting the impact of an illness and its treatment from the patient’s perspective. Therefore, this study assessed the asthma control levels and their determinants among adults living with asthma in selected public referral hospitals in northwestern Ethiopia. Materials and method A multicenter institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in North-western Ethiopia, from October to December 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to recruit the study participants. Bi-variable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of asthma control levels. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result A total of 409 patients were included in the final analysis. Asthma was controlled by 28.9% with 95%CI (24.7, 33.5) people who have asthma. Regarding the potential predictor of asthma control level, being male (AOR = 6.5, 95%CI (1.28, 32.44), Married (AOR = 3.62, 95%CI (1.28, 10.27), healthcare provider adherence to guideline usage (AOR = 8.4,95%CI (2.7, 26) and non-fuel users (AOR = 6.0, 95%CI (1.5, 22.5) were variables that increase asthma control. However, non-adherent to medication (AOR = 0.16, 95%CI (0.059, 0.48), low level of patient enablement (AOR = 0.19, (95%CI) (0.08, 0.49) and poor relationship with healthcare provider (AOR = 0.024,95%CI (0.02, 0.23) were variables that significantly decreased asthma control level. Conclusion The findings indicated that asthma control remains suboptimal in a large proportion of patients with asthma in the study setting. Socio-demographic, clinical, healthcare-related, and medication-related variables were significantly associated with asthma control. Therefore, our study highlights multifaceted interventions, including comprehensive asthma education along with an integrated treatment plan to improve asthma control and quality of life.