Author:
Szigeti Krisztina A.,Kalmár Alexandra,Galamb Orsolya,Valcz Gábor,Barták Barbara K.,Nagy Zsófia B.,Zsigrai Sára,Felletár Ildikó,V. Patai Árpád,Micsik Tamás,Papp Márton,Márkus Eszter,Tulassay Zsolt,Igaz Peter,Takács István,Molnár Béla
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundHypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) is characteristic of various cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Malfunction of several factors or alteration of methyl-donor molecules’ (folic acid and S-adenosylmethionine) availability can contribute to DNA methylation changes. Detection of epigenetic alterations in liquid biopsies can assist in the early recognition of CRC. Following the investigations of a Hungarian colon tissue sample set, our goal was to examine the LINE-1 methylation of blood samples along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, we aimed to explore the possible underlying mechanisms of global DNA hypomethylation formation on a multi-level aspect.MethodsLINE-1 methylation of colon tissue (n = 183) and plasma (n = 48) samples of healthy controls and patients with colorectal tumours were examined with bisulfite pyrosequencing. To investigate mRNA expression, microarray analysis results were reanalysed in silico (n = 60).Immunohistochemistry staining was used to validate DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)and folate receptor beta(FOLR2)expression along with the determination of methyl-donor molecules’ in situ level (n = 40).ResultsSignificantly decreased LINE-1 methylation level was observed in line with cancer progression both in tissue (adenoma: 72.7 ± 4.8%, and CRC: 69.7 ± 7.6% vs. normal: 77.5 ± 1.7%,p ≤ 0.01) and liquid biopsies (adenoma: 80.0 ± 1.7%, and CRC: 79.8 ± 1.3% vs. normal: 82.0 ± 2.0%,p ≤ 0.01). However, no significant changes were recognized in inflammatory bowel disease cases. According to in silico analysis of microarray data, altered mRNA levels of several DNA methylation-related enzymes were detected in tumours vs. healthy biopsies, namely one-carbon metabolism-related genes—which met our analysing criteria—showed upregulation, whileFOLR2was downregulated. Using immunohistochemistry,DNMTs,andFOLR2expression were confirmed. Moreover, significantly diminished folic acid and S-adenosylmethionine levels were observed in parallel with decreasing 5-methylcytosine staining in tumours compared to normal adjacent to tumour tissues (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest that LINE-1 hypomethylation may have a distinguishing value in precancerous stages compared to healthy samples in liquid biopsies. Furthermore, the reduction of global DNA methylation level could be linked to reduced methyl-donor availability with the contribution of decreasedFOLR2expression.
Funder
Health Research Council of New Zealand
Health Research Board
Semmelweis University
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cancer Research,Genetics,Oncology
Cited by
7 articles.
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