Immune checkpoint inhibitors enhanced the antitumor efficacy of disitamab vedotin for patients with HER2-positive or HER2-low advanced or metastatic gastric cancer: a multicenter real-world study

Abstract

Abstract Background Novel ADC drugs provide a new therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.The present study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy and drug toxicities of disitamab vedotin (RC48) plus immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) and RC48 as third-line therapies and beyond for advanced and metastatic gastric cancer patients. Methods This was an observational multicenter real-world study.From August 2021 to January 2022,patients with HER2-positive or HER2-low advanced and metastatic gastric cancer and failed from two or more lines of prior therapy were enrolled and treated with RC48 plus ICIs or RC48. In this study, progression free survival(PFS) was the primary end point. Other evaluation indicators were objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS) and drug toxicities. Results 45 patients were enrolled,of which 25 patients received RC48 plus ICIs,20 patients received RC48.Patients who received RC48 plus ICIs obtained better ORR (36.0% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.044) and DCR (80.0% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.034) compared with RC48,and simultaneously,the median PFS in RC48 plus ICIs group were superior to RC48 group(6.2 m vs. 3.9 m).The median OS was not reached.No statistically differences were found between HER2-positive and HER2-low group with respect to ORR (27.3% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.464),DCR (66.7% vs. 66.7%, P = 1.000),median PFS(5.7 m vs. 4.3 m, P = 0.299).The most common adverse events (AEs) were decreased white blood count,decreased neutrophil count,fatigue,hypoaesthesia and alopecia.Grade 3–4 AEs occurred in 7(35.0%) patients of RC48 group and 10(40.0%) patients of RC48 plus ICIs group,respectively. Conclusion Compared with RC48 monotherapy, ICIs plus RC48 demonstrated superior third-line and beyond therapeutic efficacy for HER2-positive or HER2-low advanced and metastatic gastric cancer patients with manageable safety.