Dengue and COVID-19: two sides of the same coin
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Published:2022-07-03
Issue:1
Volume:29
Page:
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ISSN:1423-0127
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Container-title:Journal of Biomedical Science
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language:en
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Short-container-title:J Biomed Sci
Author:
Malavige Gathsaurie NeelikaORCID, Jeewandara Chandima, Ogg Graham S.
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many countries in Asia and Latin America are currently facing a double burden of outbreaks due to dengue and COVID-19. Here we discuss the similarities and differences between the two infections so that lessons learnt so far from studying both infections will be helpful in further understanding their immunopathogenesis and to develop therapeutic interventions.
Main body
Although the entry routes of the SARS-CoV-2 and the dengue virus (DENV) are different, both infections result in a systemic infection, with some similar clinical presentations such as fever, headache, myalgia and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, while dengue is usually associated with a tendency to bleed, development of micro and macrothrombi is a hallmark of severe COVID-19. Apart from the initial similarities in the clinical presentation, there are further similarities between such as risk factors for development of severe illness, cytokine storms, endothelial dysfunction and multi-organ failure. Both infections are characterised by a delayed and impaired type I IFN response and a proinflammatory immune response. Furthermore, while high levels of potent neutralising antibodies are associated with protection, poorly neutralising and cross-reactive antibodies have been proposed to lead to immunopathology by different mechanisms, associated with an exaggerated plasmablast response. The virus specific T cell responses are also shown to be delayed in those who develop severe illness, while varying degrees of endothelial dysfunction leads to increased vascular permeability and coagulation abnormalities.
Conclusion
While there are many similarities between dengue and SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are also key differences especially in long-term disease sequelae. Therefore, it would be important to study the parallels between the immunopathogenesis of both infections for development of more effective vaccines and therapeutic interventions.
Funder
Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, University of Sri Jayewardenepura Medical Research Council
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Biochemistry (medical),Cell Biology,Clinical Biochemistry,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
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