Do outcomes for patients with hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury (H-AKI) vary across specialties in England?

Abstract

Abstract Background Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common and serious clinical syndrome. There is increasing recognition of heterogeneity in observed AKI across different clinical settings. In this analysis we have utilised a large national dataset to outline, for the first time, differences in burden of hospital acquired AKI (H-AKI) and mortality risk across different treatment specialities in the English National Health Service (NHS). Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted using a large national dataset of patients who triggered a biochemical AKI alert in England during 2019. This dataset was enriched through linkage with NHS hospitals administrative and mortality data. Episodes of H-AKI were identified and attributed to the speciality of the supervising consultant during the hospitalisation episode in which the H-AKI alert was generated. Associations between speciality and death in hospital or within 30 days of discharge (30-day mortality) was modelled using logistic regression, adjusting for patient age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, AKI severity, season and method of admission. Results In total, 93,196 episodes of H-AKI were studied. The largest number of patients with H-AKI were observed under general medicine (21.9%), care of the elderly (18.9%) and general surgery (11.2%). Despite adjusting for differences in patient case-mix, 30-day mortality risk was consistently lower for patients in surgical specialities compared to general medicine, including general surgery (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.7) and trauma and orthopaedics (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.56). Mortality risk was highest in critical care (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.03) and oncology (OR 1.74, CI 1.54 to 1.96). Conclusions Significant differences were identified in the burden of H-AKI and associated mortality risk for patients across different specialities in the English NHS. This work can help inform future service delivery and quality improvement activity for patients with AKI across the NHS.