Cultural adaptation and validation of the Malay Chronic Kidney Disease Self-management instrument (MCKD-SM)

Abstract

Abstract Background There is growing evidence that self‐management behaviour can improve outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, no measures are available in Malay to effectively assess the self-management of CKD. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Malay Chronic Kidney Disease Self-Management (MCKD-SM) instrument for Malay-speaking health professionals and patients. Methods This study was carried out in two phases: the translation and cultural adaptation phase and the validation phase. The instrument was translated from English to Malay and then adapted and validated in a sample of 337 patients with CKD stages 3–4 attending a nephrology clinic in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Structural validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. The instrument’s reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The correlations between the MCKD-SM and kidney disease knowledge and the MCKD-SM and self-efficacy were hypothesised a priori and investigated. Results The MCKD-SM instrument has 29 items grouped into three factors: ‘Understanding and Managing My CKD’, ‘Seeking Support’ and ‘Adherence to Recommended Regimen’. The three factors accounted for 56.3% of the total variance. Each factor showed acceptable internal reliability, with Cronbach’s α from 0.885 to 0.960. The two-week intra-rater test–retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient values for all items ranged between 0.938 and 1.000. The MCKD-SM scores significantly correlated with kidney disease knowledge (r = 0.366, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (r = 0.212, p < 0.01). Conclusion The MCKD-SM was found to be a valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome measure of pre-dialysis CKD self-management behaviour in the Malay-speaking population.