The association of visceral adiposity index with the risk of kidney stone and kidney stone recurrence

Abstract

Abstract Aim Our aim in this study was primarily to assess the relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the risk of kidney stones and kidney stone recurrence in US adults. Methods We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014 for our analysis. VAI was calculated from waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Kidney stones and recurrence of kidney stones were obtained from questionnaire interview data. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the correlation between VAI and the risk of kidney stone and kidney stone recurrence. In addition, we performed subgroup analysis, interaction tests, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Results A total of 9886 participants were included in this study, with a prevalence of 9.24% for kidney stones and 2.97% for recurrence of kidney stones. The prevalence of kidney stones and kidney stone recurrence increased with higher quartiles of VAI. We observed a significantly positive correlation between VAI and the risk of kidney stone and kidney stone recurrence. Participants with the highest VAI quartiles had a 48% (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.08–2.02) and 52% (OR: 1.52, 95%CI: 0.86–2.71) increased risk of kidney stones and kidney stone recurrence, respectively, compared to participants with the lowest VAI quartiles. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests demonstrated this positive association independent of different subgroup factors. Conclusion Visceral fat accumulation may be associated with an increased risk of kidney stones and kidney stone recurrence.