Role of self-management program based on 5A nursing model in quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Various nursing models are usually employed to achieve self-management and improve the quality of life in chronic conditions. Given its person-based characteristics, the 5 A nursing model can improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Purpose This study aimed to determine the role of a self-management program based on the 5 A nursing model in the quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Materials and methods This clinical trial was conducted on hemodialysis patients in Iran. Random sampling was adopted to assign 60 patients to intervention and control groups. After the participants completed a demographic questionnaire and the Kidney Disease Quality of Life–Short Form (KDQOL–SF), routine measures were taken in the control group. However, the 5 A nursing model was implemented in the intervention group for three months. The self-care program was executed in face-to-face sessions or via phone calls and SMSs. After three months, the quality of life was measured again in both groups. Findings There were significant differences after the intervention between the intervention and control groups in specific dimensions of quality of life, such as cognitive functions, symptoms, sleep, dialysis, social support, and renal complications (P < 0.05). The two groups also had significant differences in the general scores of quality of life (P < 0.05). Conclusion The 5 A self-management intervention as a person-based model could improve self-care in hemodialysis patients. Nurses can implement this model to mitigate care costs, enhance interventions, and improve patients’ quality of life. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20211103052955N1; 19/11/2021).