Highlights on the link between vitamin D and lipid panel in Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients

Abstract

Abstract Background Diversity of risk factors, namely, vitamin D and lipid panel abnormalities, are connected to multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology and may possess an influential role on disease course. In a cross-sectional study, we correlated the demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics of 111 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients with their serum levels of vitamin D and lipid profile to evaluate the consequences of their abnormalities on disease activity and/or its progression. Results In the study group, the mean serum level of vitamin D was 18.93 ± 9.85 ng/mL, over 80% had insufficient level ( < 30 ng/mL) and significantly lower in females (P = 0.011). Insufficient vitamin D significantly associated with high relapse frequency (P = 0.005). Measurement the direction of this association showed that each 1 ng/mL increase in vitamin D was correlated with both decrease in annualized relapse rate (ARR) of 0.02 relapse/year (P = 0.017) and with decrease in number of relapses during last 2 years of 0.02 relapse (P = 0.045). Analysis of serum lipid panel showed a direct link between higher levels of TC and LDL to increased total number of relapses (P < 0.001 and 0.003, respectively) and EDSS (P = 0.001 and 0.022), also between higher TG and EDSS (P = 0.001). This link became indirect between HDL and both total number of relapse and EDSS (P = 0.001 and 0.001). Radiologically, positively linked confluent brain lesion to elevated TC and TG levels (P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively) and cord lesions to elevated TC (P = 0.007). Longer disease duration positively associated with all lipids-related variables. As a direct effect on lipid metabolism, each 1 ng/mL increase in vitamin D was associated with reduction in serum TC of 1.48 mg/dL (P = 0.002) and rise in HDL of 0.35 mg/dL (P = 0.028). Conclusions Management of vitamin D insufficiency may decrease risk of higher ARR and the same for dyslipidemia in reduction of disability and confluent brain T2 lesion. Increasing vitamin D was positively correlated with HDL but negatively with TC.