Decompressive laminectomy with instrumented posterolateral fusion for degenerative lumbar disease in elderly, is it safe and beneficial?

Abstract

Abstract Background With improvement of health care in last decades, the age of general population increased. As the elderly with degenerative lumbar disease needs to remain physically active for more years, lumbar decompression surgery with instrumented fusion is further considered and is gaining wide acceptance as it provides good results with relative minimal risk. This study aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lumbar decompression with instrumented fusion in elderly Results This is a prospective non-randomized clinical study conducted from July 2014 to July 2019. The included patients had chronic low back pain, radiculopathy, and/or neurogenic claudication due to degenerative lumbar disease with failed conservative management. They underwent lumbar decompression with instrumented posterolateral fusion. All patients were at least 55 years old at time of surgery and were clinically assessed as regard perioperative risk and morbidity, besides assessment of pre- and postoperative visual analog score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Data was collected and analyzed. Thirty-five patients were included in this study with mean age of 63 years. All patients presented with back pain, 77.1% with radiculopathy, and 60% with neurogenic claudication. Preoperative comorbidity was present in 60% of cases, where hypertension, diabetes, and cardiac troubles were 31.4%, 31.4%, and 14.3% respectively. The average operated level was 3.1. The complication rate was 11.4% with 2 cases with dural tear (5.7%), 2 cases with CSF leakage (5.7%), 1 case with wound seroma (2.8%), and 1 case with wound infection. Postoperative new comorbidity occurred in 5 cases (14.3%). Visual analog score (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded preoperatively and 18 months postoperatively; as regards pain, VAS improved significantly from 7.8 ± 0.87 to 1.8 ± 1.04 (P value< 0.00001), and ODI improved significantly from 58.1 ± 11 to 17.5 ± 8.3 (P value< 0.00001). Conclusion Lumbar decompression surgery with posterolateral instrumented fusion is a safe and effective surgery in elderly, as it provides significant results and gives them a chance for better quality of life. Preoperative comorbidity could be dealt with, and it should not be considered as a contraindication for surgery in this age group.