Abstract
Abstract
Background
Low-intensity electrical stimulation (LIES) is considered a relatively recent technology that has received little attention in orthodontics as a method of acceleration. This study aimed to evaluate patient-reported outcome measures when LIES is used to accelerate the en-masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth.
Materials and methods
The sample consisted of 40 patients (8 males, 32 females; mean age 21.1 ± 2.3 years), with Class II division I malocclusion who required extraction of the first premolars to retract upper anterior teeth. They were randomly assigned to the LIES group (n = 20) and the conventional en-masse retraction group (CER; n = 20). Patient responses regarding pain, discomfort, burning sensation, swelling, chewing difficulty, speech difficulty, and painkillers’ consumption were recorded at these nine assessment times: 24 h (T1), 3 days (T2), and 7 days (T3) after force application, then in the second month after 24 h (T4), 3 days (T5), and 7 days (T6) of force re-activation, and finally after 24 h (T7), 3 days (T8), and 7 days (T9) of force re-activation in the third month.
Results
The mean values of pain perception were smaller in the LIES group than those in the CER group at all assessment times with no statistically significant differences between the two groups except during the second and third months (T5, T6, T8, and T9; P < 0.005). However, discomfort mean values were greater in the LIES group with significant differences compared to CER group during the first week of the follow-up only (T1, T2, and T3; P < 0.005). Burning sensation levels were very mild in the LIES group, with significant differences between the two groups at T1 and T2 only (P < 0.001). Speech difficulty was significantly greater in the LIES group compared to CER group at all studied times (P < 0.001). High levels of satisfaction and acceptance were reported in both groups, without any significant difference.
Conclusion
Both the LIES-based acceleration of en-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth and the conventional retraction were accompanied by mild to moderate pain, discomfort, and chewing difficulty on the first day of retraction. These sensations gradually decreased and almost disappeared over a week after force application or re-activation.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05920525. Registered 17 June 2023 - retrospectively registered, http://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05920525?term=NCT05920525&rank=1.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference54 articles.
1. Almallah MM, Almahdi WH, Hajeer MY. Evaluation of Low Level Laser Therapy on Pain Perception Following Orthodontic Elastomeric Separation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017/01/05. 2016;10(11):Zc23-zc28.
2. Bergius M, Berggren U, Kiliaridis S. Experience of pain during an orthodontic procedure. Eur J Oral Sci. 2002;110(2):92–8.
3. Mousa MR, Hajeer MY, Burhan AS, Heshmeh O, Darwich K. Assessment of patient-centered outcomes when treating Palatally Impacted canines using Conventional Versus Accelerated minimally invasive corticotomy-assisted Orthodontic Treatment: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus. 2022;14(10):e30392.
4. Mousa MM, Al-Sibaie S, Hajeer MY. Pain, Discomfort, and functional impairments when retracting Upper Anterior Teeth using two-step retraction with Transpalatal arches Versus En-Masse Retraction with mini-implants: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33524.
5. Saleh M, Hajeer MY, Al-Jundi A. Assessment of pain and discomfort during early orthodontic treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion using the removable Mandibular Retractor Appliance. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2013;14(2):119–24.
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献