DF-1-Derived exosomes mediate transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus and resist REV-specific antibodies

Abstract

Abstract Background Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a member of the family Retroviridae, is a hot area of research, and a previous study showed that exosomes purified from REV-positive semen were not blocked by REV-specific neutralizing antibodies and established productive infections. Methods To further verify the infectivity of exosomes from REV-infected cells, we isolated and purified exosomes from REV-infected DF-1 cells and identified them using Western blot and a transmission electron microscope. We then inoculated 7-day-old embryonated eggs, 1-day-old chicks and 23-week-old hens with and without antibody treatment. REV was administered simultaneously as a control. Results In the absence of antibodies, the results indicated that REV-exosomes and REV could infect chicks, resulting in viremia and viral shedding, compared with the infection caused by REV, REV-exosomes reduced the hatching rate and increased mortality after hatching, causing severe growth inhibition and immune organ damage in 1-day-old chicks; both REV and REV-exosomes also could infect hens, however, lead to transient infection. In the presence of antibodies, REV-exosomes were not blocked by REV-specific neutralizing antibodies and infected 7-day-old embryonated eggs. However, REV could not infect 1-day-old chicks and 23-week-old hens. Conclusion In this study, we compared the infectious ability of REV-exosomes and REV, REV-exosomes could escape from REV-specific neutralizing antibodies in embryonated eggs, providing new insights into the immune escape mechanism of REV.