Incidence and risk factors for high-level BK viruria: a single center study in China

Abstract

Abstract Background BK virus allograft nephropathy is a serious complication after kidney transplantation, and the effect of pre-emptive intervention for high-level BK viruria has been verified, but protocols after kidney transplantation for early identification of high-level viruria are lacking. Methods This was a single-center study. The clinical data of the kidney transplant recipients and their donors in our center from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, were collected. The patients were divided into the high-level BK viruria group (Group A) and a non-high-level BK viruria group (Group B) according to the qPCR results of BK virus DNA loads in urine samples. Significant variables were screened out by univariate analysis, and then the results were incorporated into a multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the independent risk factors for high-level BK viruria. Results A total of 262 recipients were included in the study. The incidence of high-level BK viruria was 13.4% (n = 35), and the median time of detection was 181 (range 91–1119) days. Univariate analysis showed that donor type ($$\chi^{2}$$ χ 2  = 21.770, P < 0.001), history of ATG/ATG-F application ($$\chi^{2}$$ χ 2  = 4.543, P = 0.033), acute rejection (AR) ($$\chi^{2}$$ χ 2  = 8.313, P = 0.004) and delayed graft function (DGF) ($$\chi^{2}$$ χ 2  = 21.170, P < 0.001) were related to high-level BK viruria. After the inclusion of the multivariate logistic regression model, the results showed deceased brain and cardiac donors (P = 0.032, OR = 3.927, 95% CI 1.122–13.746), AR (P = 0.022, OR = 4.709, 95% CI 1.253–17.697) and DGF (P = 0.001, OR = 6.682, 95% CI 2.288–19.518). Conclusions Donation by deceased brain and cardiac patients, history of AR and DGF were independent risk factors for high-level BK viruria after kidney transplantation.