Inclisiran adjuvant therapy to statins for the use of hypercholesterolemia: a commentary

Abstract

Abstract Background Hypercholesterolemia is a lipid disorder characterized by excessively high levels of low-density lipoproteins, which encourages fat accumulation in your arteries, hence escalating the chances of heart attack and stroke. Globally, 39% of individuals experience elevated total cholesterol levels with 98.6 million DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) caused by high non-HDL cholesterol in 2019, supposedly killing 4.4 million people. Main body LDL cholesterol is the primary target of treatment for lowering the risk of cardiovascular events in both primary and secondary prevention. The usual drug to achieve this goal is HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), which constitute the most potent and effective class to reduce LDL cholesterol. The current treatment of choice for hypercholesterolemia is statin therapy; however, a considerable proportion of patients are unable to reach their desired low-density lipoproteins levels (LDL), while some cannot take statins at all. The regular use and possible non-adherence to long-term therapy of statins have prompted the development of novel PCSK9-targeting drugs such as inclisiran—a synthesized small interfering RNA. Inclisiran binds to the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA causing its disintegration and hence preventing its formation. This results in reduced amounts of PCSK9 both within and outside the cells, which significantly lowers LDL levels. Multiple double-blind, placebo-controlled Osaka Emergency Information Research Intelligence Operation Network System (ORION) trials were conducted; ORION-9 was conducted on patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and LDL cholesterol levels higher than 100 mg/dl despite taking the maximum dose of statin therapy, whereas ORION-10 and ORION-11 were conducted on patients with cardiovascular disease or having its risk factors. These patients were administered Inclisiran injections on days 1, 90 (month 3), 270 (month 9), and 450 (month 15) and were followed for 540 days. The results showed decreased LDL levels by 51% compared to the placebo and further established a strong link with reduced major adverse cardiac events rates with no effect on creatinine kinase and liver function test levels. The drug’s significant side effect was reported to be an injection site reaction. Conclusion Inclisiran may be utilized alone or in conjunction with other lipid-lowering treatments in individuals who are unable to take statins or for whom they are contraindicated. Furthermore, its exceptional stability throughout a broad range of heat conditions makes its use well-suited for developing countries.