Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT imaging and clinicopathological characteristics analysis of mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer

Abstract

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) can develop through various pathogenetic pathways, and one of the primary pathways is high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/deficient mismatch repair (dMMR). This study investigated the correlation between preoperative contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and clinicopathologic characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) according to different mismatch repair (MMR) statuses. Methods From April 2021 to July 2022, a total of 281 CRC patients with preoperative CECT and available MMR status were enrolled from a single centre for this retrospective study. Preoperative CECT features and clinicopathologic characteristics were analysed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. A nomogram was established based on the multivariate logistic regression results. Preoperative and postoperative dynamic nomogram prediction models were established. The C-index, a calibration plot, and clinical applicability of the two models were evaluated, and internal validation was performed using three methods. Results In total, 249 patients were enrolled in the proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) group and 32 patients in the deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) group. In multivariate analysis, tumour location (right-hemi colon vs. left-hemi colon, odds ratio (OR) = 2.90, p = .036), the hypoattenuation-within-tumour ratio (HR) (HR > 2/3 vs. HR < 1/3, OR = 36.7, p < .001; HR 1/3–2/3 vs. HR < 1/3, OR = 6.05, p = .031), the number of lymph nodes with long diameter ≥ 8 mm on CECT (OR = 1.32, p = .01), CEA status (CEA positive vs. CEA negative, OR = 0.07, p = .002) and lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.45, p = .008) were independent risk factors for dMMR. Pre- and postoperative C-statistic were 0.861 and 0.908, respectively. Conclusion The combination of pre-operative CECT and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC correlates with MMR status, providing possible non-invasive MMR prediction. Particularly for dMMR CRC, tumour-draining lymph node status should be prudently evaluated by CECT.