Abstract
AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) are strong natural hazards that are important for local and global air–sea interactions. This manuscript briefly reviews the knowledge about the upper ocean responses to TCs, including the current, surface wave, temperature, salinity and biological responses. TCs usually cause upper ocean near-inertial currents, increase strong surface waves, cool the surface ocean, warm subsurface ocean, increase sea surface salinity and decrease subsurface salinity, causing plankton blooms. The upper ocean response to TCs is controlled by TC-induced mixing, advection and surface flux, which usually bias to the right (left) side of the TC track in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. The upper ocean response usually recovers in several days to several weeks. The characteristics of the upper ocean response mainly depend on the TC parameters (e.g. TC intensity, translation speed and size) and environmental parameters (e.g. ocean stratification and eddies). In recent decades, our knowledge of the upper ocean response to TCs has improved because of the development of observation methods and numerical models. More processes of the upper ocean response to TCs can be studied by researchers in the future.
Funder
the National Natural Science Foundation of China
the National Key R&D Program of China
the National Programme on Global Change and Air–Sea Interaction
the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR
the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
the CEES Visiting Fellowship Program
the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Cited by
64 articles.
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