Author:
Truong To Quyen,Park Yun Ji,Jeon Je-Seung,Choi Jaeyoung,Koo Song Yi,Choi Yeong Bin,Huynh Phuong Kim,Moon Jinyoung,Kim Sang Min
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Wasabi, a Brassicaceae member, is well-known for its unique pungent and hot flavor which is produced from glucosinolate (GSL) degradation. Myrosinase (MYR) is a principle enzyme catalyzing the primary conversion of GSLs to GSL hydrolysis products (GHPs) which is responsible for plant defense system and food quality. Due to the limited information in relation to MYRs present in wasabi (Wasabia japonica M.), this study aimed to identify the MYR isogenes in W. japonica and analyze their roles in relation to GSL metabolism.
Results
In results, WjMYRI-1 was abundantly expressed in all organs, whereas WjMYRI-2 showed only trace expression levels. WjMYRII was highly expressed in the aboveground tissues. Interestingly, WjMYRII expression was significantly upregulated by certain abiotic factors, such as methyl jasmonate (more than 40-fold in petioles and 15-fold in leaves) and salt (tenfold in leaves). Young leaves and roots contained 97.89 and 91.17 µmol‧g−1 of GSL, whereas less GSL was produced in mature leaves and petioles (38.36 and 44.79 µmol‧g−1, respectively). Similar pattern was observed in the accumulation of GHPs in various plant organs. Notably, despite the non-significant changes in GSL production, abiotic factors treated samples enhanced significantly GHP content. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that WjMYRI-1 expression significantly correlated with GSL accumulation and GHP formation, suggesting the primary role of WjMYRI-1-encoding putative protein in GSL degradation. In contrast, WjMYRII expression level showed no correlation with GSL or GHP content, suggesting another physiological role of WjMYRII in stress-induced response.
Conclusions
In conclusions, three potential isogenes (WjMYRI-1, WjMYRI-2, and WjMYRII) encoding for different MYR isoforms in W. japonica were identified. Our results provided new insights related to MYR and GSL metabolism which are important for the implications of wasabi in agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industry. Particularly, WjMYRI-1 may be primarily responsible for GSL degradation, whereas WjMYRII (clade II) may be involved in other regulatory pathways induced by abiotic factors.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference55 articles.
1. Yeo HJ, Baek S-A, Sathasivam R, Kim JK, Park SU. Metabolomic analysis reveals the interaction of primary and secondary metabolism in white, pale green, and green pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). Appl Biol Chem. 2021;64(1):3.
2. Hanschen FS, Klopsch R, Oliviero T, Schreiner M, Verkerk R, Dekker M. Optimizing isothiocyanate formation during enzymatic glucosinolate breakdown by adjusting pH value, temperature and dilution in Brassica vegetables and Arabidopsis thaliana Sci Res. 2017;7(1):40807.
3. Bell L, Oloyede OO, Lignou S, Wagstaff C, Methven L. Taste and flavor perceptions of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and related compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018;62(18):1700990.
4. Cuellar-Nuñez ML, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Lee-Martínez S, Larrauri-Rodríguez M, Zaldívar-Lelo de Larrea G, Pérez-Serrano RM, Camacho-Calderón N. Isothiocyanate-rich extracts from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) and radish (Raphanus sativus) inhibited metabolic activity and induced ROS in selected human HCT116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(22):14919.
5. Dias MV, Nilda de Fátima FS, Borges SV, de Sousa MM, Nunes CA, de Oliveira IRN, Medeiros EAA. Use of allyl isothiocyanate and carbon nanotubes in an antimicrobial film to package shredded, cooked chicken meat. Food Chem. 2013;141(3):3160–6.