Identification of genomic regions affecting grain peroxidase activity in bread wheat using genome-wide association study

Abstract

Abstract Background Peroxidase (POD) activity plays an important role in flour-based product quality, which is mainly associated with browning and bleaching effects of flour. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on POD activity using an association population consisted with 207 wheat world-wide collected varieties. Our study also provide basis for the genetic improvement of flour color-based quality in wheat. Results Twenty quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected associated with POD activity, explaining 5.59–12.67% of phenotypic variation. Superior alleles were positively correlated with POD activity. In addition, two SNPs were successfully developed to KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) markers. Two POD genes, TraesCS2B02G615700 and TraesCS2D02G583000, were aligned near the QTLs flanking genomic regions, but only TraesCS2D02G583000 displayed significant divergent expression levels (P < 0.001) between high and low POD activity varieties in the investigated association population. Therefore, it was deduced to be a candidate gene. The expression level of TraesCS2D02G583000 was assigned as a phenotype for expression GWAS (eGWAS) to screen regulatory elements. In total, 505 significant SNPs on 20 chromosomes (excluding 4D) were detected, and 9 of them located within 1 Mb interval of TraesCS2D02G583000. Conclusions To identify genetic loci affecting POD activity in wheat grain, we conducted GWAS on POD activity and the candidate gene TraesCS2D02G583000 expression. Finally, 20 QTLs were detected for POD activity, whereas two QTLs associated SNPs were converted to KASP markers that could be used for marker-assisted breeding. Both cis- and trans-acting elements were revealed by eGWAS of TraesCS2D02G583000 expression. The present study provides genetic loci for improving POD activity across wide genetic backgrounds and largely improved the selection efficiency for breeding in wheat.