Author:
Zhou Jing,Niu Junmei,Wang Xinyue,Yue Jiarui,Zhou Shilin,Liu Zhenwen
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sium L. (Apiaceae) is a small genus distributed primarily in Eurasia, with one species also occurring in North America. Recently, its circumscription has been revised to include 10 species, however, the phylogenetic relationships within its two inclusive clades were poorly supported or collapsed in previous studies based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS or cpDNA sequences. To identify molecular markers suitable for future intraspecific phylogeographic and population genetic studies, and to evaluate the efficacy of plastome in resolving the phylogenetic relationships of the genus, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of six Sium species were sequenced.
Results
The Sium plastomes exhibited typical quadripartite structures of Apiaceae and most other higher plant plastid DNAs, and were relatively conserved in their size (153,029–155,006 bp), gene arrangement and content (with 114 unique genes). A total of 61–67 SSRs, along with 12 highly divergent regions (trnQ, trnG-atpA, trnE-trnT, rps4-trnT, accD-psbI, rpl16, ycf1-ndhF, ndhF-rpl32, rpl32-trnL, ndhE-ndhG, ycf1a and ycf1b) were discovered in the plastomes. No significant IR length variation was detected showing that plastome evolution was conserved within this genus. Phylogenomic analysis based on whole chloroplast genome sequences produced a highly resolved phylogenetic tree, in which the monophyly of Sium, as well as the sister relationship of its two inclusive clades were strongly supported.
Conclusions
The plastome sequences could greatly improve phylogenetic resolution, and will provide genomic resources and potential markers useful for future studies of the genus.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Ten Thousand Talent Plans for Young Top-notch Talents of Yunnan Province
department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province
Hundred Talents Program of Kunming Medical University
Gaoligong Mountain, Forest Ecosystem, Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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