Effect of nutritional factors on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults: a case control study in Northern Ethiopia

Author:

Berhe Negassie,Tegabu Desalegn,Alemayehu Mekuriaw

Abstract

Abstract Background Adherence to antiretroviral treatment is critical for suppression of viral replication, reduced destruction of CD4 cells, prevention of viral resistance, promotion of immune reconstitution and slowed disease progression. This study sought to determine the effect of nutritional factors on adherence to ART among HIV-infected adults on ART. Methods Matched case control study design (matched by age and sex) was employed. Data was collected from ART registration chart, pre-tested structured data extraction format, anthropometric measurements and by interview. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute the relevant associations among the variables by STATA version 10. Results From 174 paired subjects participated in the study 80 (46%) pair were males and 94 (54%) pair were females on ART for at least one year prior to the survey. The mean age (±SD) for the non-adherent was 38.4 ± 8.1years and for the adherent subjects was 38.5 ± 8.4 years. Malnutrition with BMI less than 18.5 Kg/m2 in the adherent group was 14 (8%) and that of the non-adherent group was 74 (42.5%) which was associated with non-adherence to ART (AOR 10.0, 95%CI 4.3 – 54.7). Inability to get enough and quality food was also associated with non-adherence to ART (AOR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1 – 11.5). Conclusions Malnutrition, inability to get enough and/or quality food and consumption pattern which is less than three meals per day were significantly associated with non-adherence to ART. Therefore, the capacity to effectively manage the food and nutrition implications of ART adherence is a critical factor in the success of antiretroviral therapy in resource limited settings.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Infectious Diseases

Reference33 articles.

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2. Central Statistical Agency: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. 2012, http://www.csa.gov.et/,

3. Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office (HAPCO): Ethiopia Country Progress Report on HIV/AIDS Response, 2012. 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

4. United Stated Agency for International Development (UNAIDS): HIV, Food Security and Nutrition; UNAIDS Policy Brief. 2008

5. Steel G, Nwokike J, Joshi MP: Development of a Multi-Method Tool to Measure ART Adherence in Resource-Constrained Settings: The South Africa Experience. RPM Plus. 2007

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