The incidence and clinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism in oncologic patients

Abstract

Abstract Background For various types of cancer in oncologic patients, the clinical features of pulmonary embolism (PE) are unknown. The purpose of the study is to identify pulmonary embolism incidence and type among oncologic patients along with evaluating any associated clinical variables. Patients and methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 540 patients who had various types of cancers and attended to a 1-day care unit of oncology in King Fahd Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Chest CT with contrast and CT pulmonary angiography was applied when indicated. Results This study was conducted on 540 patients who have different types of cancers; among them, 24 (4.44%) developed PE. Pulmonary embolism was reported in 50% of patients who had seminoma and germ cell tumor, while in cancer larynx, it was represented in 33.4% of them. Moreover, PE was less common among patients who had cancer colon, prostate, and breast (6.68%, 4.7%, and 2.54%, respectively). Seven patients with PE (1.3%) were diagnosed incidentally during cancer staging, while 17 patients (3.14%) had symptomatic PE. Eighty-four percent of the PE cases were diagnosed within the first 6 months of cancer diagnosis, while 4/24 (16%) of the PE cases were diagnosed throughout patient follow-up within the first year of diagnosis. Chest pain and dyspnea were the common presentations in confirmed PE either symptomatic or incidental group. Conclusions Low-risk PE was the most frequent degree; massive and sub-massive PE was uncommon in oncologic patients. Dyspnea and chest discomfort are concerning signs of PE in cancer. Meticulous care during the first 6 months for cancer patients to pick up pulmonary embolism is recommended.