Author:
Rahmawati Nurul Dina,Andriani Helen,Wirawan Fadila,Farsia Latifah,Waits Alexander,Karim Taufiqurahman Khobir Abdul
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), notably cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are largely driven by metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of critical risk factors. Despite extensive research, the progression of MetS, especially in Indonesia, has received limited attention. This research tracks adult MetS risk dynamics in a populous Bogor District cohort, providing crucial insights into its evolving nature.
Methods
This prospective open cohort study analysed secondary data from the Special Research - Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Diseases by the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia from 2011 to 2018. The final sample was 1,376 Indonesian adult participants, all residents of Bogor District. MetS outcome, dietary assessment, physical activity, and biomarkers were analysed every two consecutive years.
Results
The risk of overweight and obese participants developing MetS was 2.4 and 4.4 times higher, respectively (95% CI: 1.176–3.320 and 3.345–5.740) than those with body mass index (BMI) in the normal range. Participants who reported less intentional physical exercise had a MetS risk 1.5 times higher (95% CI: 1.034–2.109) than those with more intentional physical exercise. The role of diet is also significant, evidenced by a 30% reduction in MetS risk for people with fat intakes in the 2nd quartile compared to the 1st quartile (95% CI: 0.505–0.972). Meanwhile, a carbohydrate intake in the 2nd quartile increased the risk of MetS 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.063–2.241) in comparison with the 1st quartile.
Conclusions
Notably, participants with underweight BMI exhibited the highest cumulative survival of MetS, while those with obese BMI recorded the lowest cumulative survival. There is an urgent need for strategic interventions to enhance the existing early detection and NCD monitoring program. This involves a targeted focus on promoting a community-based healthy lifestyle in the Bogor District. The study emphasizes the importance of tailored public health measures to address specific risk factors identified in the local context, aiming to mitigate the prevalence and impact of MetS in the population.
Funder
Direktorat Riset and Pengembangan, Universitas Indonesia
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference63 articles.
1. United Nations. Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Sustain Dev Goals 2022. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/health/ (accessed March 2, 2022).
2. Gowshall M, Taylor-Robinson SD. The increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases in low-middle income countries: the view from Malawi. Int J Gen Med. 2018;11:255–64. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S157987.
3. Bennett JE, Stevens GA, Mathers CD, Bonita R, Rehm J, Kruk ME et al. NCD Countdown. 2030: worldwide trends in non-communicable disease mortality and progress towards Sustainable Development Goal target 3.4. Lancet 2018;392:1072–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31992-5.
4. WHO. Noncommunicable diseases, Fact. Sheets 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases#:~:text=Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41,- and middle-income countries. (accessed March 2, 2022).
5. Herningtyas EH, Ng TS. Prevalence and distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components among provinces and ethnic groups in Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6711-7.
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献