Correlations of pathomorphological parameters between lesions at the invasive front and lymph node metastases in colorectal cancer: a retrospective clinical study

Abstract

Abstract Background Lymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the most important indicators to evaluate stage, choose treatment strategy, and predict outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC). The morphological correlation between primary tumors and LN metastases can help predict the incidence of LN metastasis in CRC more accurately and assist with more individualized risk-stratification management decisions. Methods A retrospective study was devised with paired tissue specimens from the invasive front of primary tumors and LN metastases in 426 patients after a radial surgery for CRC. According to the presence (N +) or absence (N-) of regional LN metastasis and the number of LN metastases (pN1a/1b/1c/2a/2b), comparisons were performed regarding tumor budding (TB) and poorly-differentiated clusters (PDC). In addition, their correlation with the incidence of LN metastasis and the extent were explored. Results The TB and PDC in the invasive front of primary tumors presented significant correlations with the incidence of LN metastasis and the number of LN metastases in CRC (P < 0.001). TB2/3 led to a risk of LN metastasis 6.68-fold higher than TB1, while PDC2/3 resulted in a risk of LN metastasis 8.46-fold higher than PDC1. Additionally, the risk of developing 4 or more LN metastases was 3.08-fold and 2.86-fold higher upon TB2/3 and PDC2/3 than that with TB1 and PDC1, respectively. Moderate positive correlations were found between the invasive front of primary tumors and LN metastases in terms of TB and PDC, respectively. Conclusions TB and PDC, at the invasive tumor front are important morphological markers to evaluate LN metastasis in CRC, and they can be employed as reference indicators to assess or predict the potential of LN metastasis in CRC in clinical practice.