Author:
Olopade Funmilayo Eniola,Shokunbi Matthew Temitayo,Sirén Anna-Leena
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The motor and cognitive deficits observed in hydrocephalus are thought to be due to axonal damage within the periventricular white matter. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between ventricular size, cellular changes in brain, and neurobehavioural deficits in rats with experimental hydrocephalus.
Methods
Hydrocephalus was induced in three-week old rats by intracisternal injection of kaolin. Behavioural and motor function were tested four weeks after hydrocephalus induction and correlated to ventricular enlargement which was classified into mild, moderate or severe. Gross brain morphology, routine histology and immunohistochemistry for oligodendrocytes (CNPase), microglia (Iba-1) and astrocytes (GFAP) were performed to assess the cellular changes.
Results
Decreases in open field activity and forelimb grip strength in hydrocephalus correlated with the degree of ventriculomegaly. Learning in Morris water maze was significantly impaired in hydrocephalic rats. Gradual stretching of the ependymal layer, thinning of the corpus callosum, extracellular oedema and reduced cortical thickness were observed as the degree of ventriculomegaly increased. A gradual loss of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex was most marked in the severely-hydrocephalic brains, whereas the widespread astrogliosis especially in the subependymal layer was most marked in the brains with mild hydrocephalus. Retraction of microglial processes and increase in Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the white matter was associated ventriculomegaly.
Conclusions
In hydrocephalic rats, oligodendrocyte loss, microglia activation, astrogliosis in cortical areas and thinning of the corpus callosum were associated with ventriculomegaly. The degree of ventriculomegaly correlated with motor and cognitive deficits.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Developmental Neuroscience,Neurology,General Medicine
Reference31 articles.
1. Persson EK, Hagberg G, Uvebrant P: Hydrocephalus prevalence and outcome in a population-based cohort of children born in 1989–1998. Acta Paediat. 2005, 94: 726-732. 10.1080/08035250510027336.
2. Del Bigio MR, Kanfer JN, Zhang YW: Myelination delay in the cerebral white matter of immature rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus is reversible. J Neuropath Exp Neurol. 1997, 56: 1053-1066. 10.1097/00005072-199709000-00010.
3. Mello NK: Behavioural toxicology: a developing discipline. Fed Proc. 1975, 34: 1832-1834.
4. Lorber J: Hydrocephalus in fruhen kindersalter. Hydrocephalus in fruhen kindersalter. Edited by: Stuttgart VD. 1983, Enke, Enke, 2-14.
5. Feuillet L, Dufour H, Pelletier J: Brain of a white-collar worker. Lancet. 2007, 370 (9583): 262-10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61127-1.
Cited by
59 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献