Author:
Deutscher Susan L,Dickerson Marie,Gui Gerald,Newton Jessica,Holm Jeffrey E,Vogeltanz-Holm Nancy,Kliethermes Beth,Hewett John E,Kumar Senthil R,Quinn Thomas P,Sauter Edward R
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The goal of this prospective study was to determine (a) concentrations of the carbohydrate biomarkers Thomsen Friedenreich (TF) antigen and its precursor, Tn antigen, in nipple discharge (ND) collected from women requiring biopsy because of a suspicious breast lesion; and (b) if concentration levels predicted pathologic diagnosis.
Methods
Adult women requiring biopsy to exclude breast cancer were enrolled and ND obtained. The samples from 124 women were analyzed using an anti-TF and anti-Tn monoclonal antibodies in direct immunoassay.
Results
The highest median concentration in ND for TF and Tn was in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). TF was higher in women with 1) cancer (DCIS or invasive) vs. either no cancer (atypia or benign pathology, p = .048), or benign pathology (p = .018); and 2) abnormal (atypia or cancer) versus benign pathology (p = .016); and was more predictive of atypia or cancer in post- compared to premenopausal women. Tn was not predictive of disease. High TF concentration and age were independent predictors of disease, correctly classifying either cancer or abnormal vs. benign pathology 83% of the time in postmenopausal women.
Conclusions
TF concentrations in ND were higher in women with precancer and cancer compared to women with benign disease, and TF was an independent predictor of breast atypia and cancer. TF may prove useful in early breast cancer detection.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cancer Research,Genetics,Oncology
Reference11 articles.
1. Springer GF: T and Tn, general carcinoma autoantigens. Science. 1984, 224 (4654): 1198-1206. 10.1126/science.6729450.
2. Imai J, Ghazizadeh M, Naito Z, Asano G: Immunohistochemical expression of T, Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens and clinical outcome in human breast carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2001, 21 (2B): 1327-1334.
3. Springer GF, Desai PR, Banatwala I: Blood group MN antigens and precursors in normal and malignant human breast glandular tissue. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975, 54 (2): 335-339.
4. Sauter ER, Klein-Szanto A, Macgibbon B, Ehya H: Nipple aspirate fluid and ductoscopy to detect breast cancer. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010, 38: 244-251.
5. Kumar SR, Sauter ER, Quinn TP, Deutscher SL: Thomsen-Friedenreich and Tn antigens in nipple fluid: carbohydrate biomarkers for breast cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res. 2005, 11 (19 Pt 1): 6868-6871. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0146.
Cited by
22 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献