Dietary oxalate to calcium ratio and incident cardiovascular events: a 10-year follow-up among an Asian population

Abstract

Abstract Background and aim The potential cardiovascular impact of usual intakes of oxalate (Ox) is uninvestigated. We evaluated the effect of dietary Ox and its interaction with dietary calcium (Ca) on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods We included 2966 adult men and women aged 19–84 y without known CVD during baseline enrollment (2006–2008) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated FFQ, and incident CVD (i.e., coronary heart disease, stroke, and CVD mortality) were documented through March 2018. Results A 7.1% incident of CVD occurred during a median follow-up of 10.6 y. After multivariable adjustment for traditional risk factors and key dietary nutrients, including total fat and fiber, Ox intakes ≥220 mg/d increased incident CVD (HR T3 vs. T1 = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02–2.12). This association was potentiated (HR T3 vs. T1 = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.19–4.89) in subjects who had a lower intake of Ca (< 981 mg/d); in a low-Ca diet, an even lower amount of dietary Ox (second tertile, 148–220 mg/d) was related to increased CVD events by 92% (HR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.00–3.70). No association was observed between dietary Ox and CVD events in the presence of medium- and high levels of Ca intakes. The critical cut-off point of Ox-to-Ca for predicting CVD events was 0.14, which was related to an increased risk of CVD by 37% (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.02–1.84). Conclusion Higher dietary Ox intake appeared to be associated with a modestly elevated risk of incident CVD, especially in a diet with a lower amount of Ca.