High level secretion of cellobiohydrolases by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author:

Ilmén Marja,den Haan Riaan,Brevnova Elena,McBride John,Wiswall Erin,Froehlich Allan,Koivula Anu,Voutilainen Sanni P,Siika-aho Matti,la Grange Daniël C,Thorngren Naomi,Ahlgren Simon,Mellon Mark,Deleault Kristen,Rajgarhia Vineet,van Zyl Willem H,Penttilä Merja

Abstract

Abstract Background The main technological impediment to widespread utilization of lignocellulose for the production of fuels and chemicals is the lack of low-cost technologies to overcome its recalcitrance. Organisms that hydrolyze lignocellulose and produce a valuable product such as ethanol at a high rate and titer could significantly reduce the costs of biomass conversion technologies, and will allow separate conversion steps to be combined in a consolidated bioprocess (CBP). Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for CBP requires the high level secretion of cellulases, particularly cellobiohydrolases. Results We expressed various cellobiohydrolases to identify enzymes that were efficiently secreted by S. cerevisiae. For enhanced cellulose hydrolysis, we engineered bimodular derivatives of a well secreted enzyme that naturally lacks the carbohydrate-binding module, and constructed strains expressing combinations of cbh1 and cbh2 genes. Though there was significant variability in the enzyme levels produced, up to approximately 0.3 g/L CBH1 and approximately 1 g/L CBH2 could be produced in high cell density fermentations. Furthermore, we could show activation of the unfolded protein response as a result of cellobiohydrolase production. Finally, we report fermentation of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel™) to ethanol by CBH-producing S. cerevisiae strains with the addition of beta-glucosidase. Conclusions Gene or protein specific features and compatibility with the host are important for efficient cellobiohydrolase secretion in yeast. The present work demonstrated that production of both CBH1 and CBH2 could be improved to levels where the barrier to CBH sufficiency in the hydrolysis of cellulose was overcome.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,General Energy,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Biotechnology

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