Author:
Li Jun,Zhang Wenbo,Zhao Liang,Zhang Jing,She Haicheng,Meng Ying,Zhang Yadi,Gu Xiaopeng,Zhang Yan,Li Jianping,Qin Xianhui,Wang Binyan,Xu Xiping,Hou Fanfan,Tang Genfu,Liao Rongfeng,Liu Lishun,Huang Meiqing,Bai Xinlei,Huo Yong,Yang Liu
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the association between albuminuria and hypertensive retinopathy (HR) in hypertensive adults.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional subgroup analysis of data from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. We enrolled 2,964 hypertensive adults in this study. Keith-Wagener-Barker stages was used to assess HR. The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) was calculated to evaluate albuminuria.
Results
HR was found in 76.6% (n = 2, 271) of the participants, albuminuria was found in 11.1% (n = 330). The UACR levels were significantly higher in subjects with HR than in those without HR (grade 1, β = 1.42, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.12, 2.95, p = 0.070; grade 2, β = 2.62, 95% CI: 0.56, 4.67, p = 0.013; grade 3, β = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.13, 9.20, p = 0.012). In the subgroup analyses, the association between HR and UACR was stronger in current smokers (p for interaction = 0.014). The correlation between HR grades 1 and 2 and UACR was stronger in subjects with higher triglyceride levels (≥ 1.7 mmol/L), but for grade 3 HR, this correlation was stronger in subjects with lower triglycerides levels (< 1.7 mmol/L, p for interaction = 0.023). The odds of albuminuria were significantly higher in subjects with HR than in those without HR (grade 1, odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.29, p = 0.019; grade 2, OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.18, p = 0.002; grade 3, OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 0.99, 4.55, p = 0.053). In the subgroup analyses, the association between HR grades 1 and 2 and albuminuria was stronger in subjects with higher triglycerides levels (≥ 1.7 mmol/L), but for grade 3 HR, this correlation was stronger in subjects with lower triglyceride levels (< 1.7 mmol/L, p for interaction = 0.014).
Conclusion
HR was positively correlated with albuminuria in hypertensive Chinese adults. This correlation was more remarkable when the population was stratified by triglycerides levels and smoking status. HR can be used as an indicator of early renal injury.
Funder
the National Natural Science Foundation of China
the Outstanding Youths Development Scheme of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
the National Key Research and Development Program
the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou
the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Ophthalmology,General Medicine
Cited by
4 articles.
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