Robust congregation influences of AB-PINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA inhalation on neurobehavioral and cardiac disorders in mice

Abstract

Abstract Background A novel category of unusual cannabinoid substances was created to serve as marijuana alternatives due to its widespread availability, low price, pleasurable effects, and difficulty to be detected in regular urine testing for drugs, although more potential for abuse, toxicity, and behavioral alterations can result. It is more hazardous to multiple organ systems and has higher CB1 and CB2 receptor affinities than natural cannabinoids. So, the abuse potential, toxicity, and cardiac and nervous systems health hazards of two popular street herbs (AB-PINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA) have been evaluated in mice. Methods Thirty male mice were separated into three equally sized groups indiscriminately: the control group: received no treatments, the AB-PINACA-treated group, and the MDMB-4en-PINACA-treated group. Treated groups were exposed to the two herbs for two consecutive days via inhalation to simulate natural human exposure. Cannabinoid tetrad tests and anxiety-like behavior were performed. Serum samples were obtained for cardiac enzymes measurement. Heart and brain tissue samples were harvested for the determination of oxidative stress markers, brain neurotransmitters, and histopathological findings. Results Nociception and hypothermia were significantly influenced by both treatments. The locomotor activity decreased significantly with AB-PINACA inhalation, while the cataleptic effect increased significantly with MDMB-4en-PINACA inhalation. In addition, both treatments induced anxiety-like behavior. Both treatments induced alterations in brain neurotransmitter levels (glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin) and cardiac enzyme levels (CK-MB, troponin I). Histological changes showed neurodegenerative, necrotic, and infracted heart myocytes and degenerated muscle fibers, particularly with MDMB-4en-PINACA inhalation. Conclusions Acute inhalation of street herbs containing AB-PINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA induced neurobehavioral and cardiac disturbances, which were evident by changes in behavior, brain neurotransmitters, and heart enzymes, in addition to the degenerative histopathological changes in the brain and heart.