Rationalizing the use of common parameters and technological tools to follow up Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs

Abstract

Abstract Background Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae is associated with respiratory disease in pigs and is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia. Quantification of M. hyopneumoniae-related outcome parameters can be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, in both research and field settings. In addition to well-established methods, technological tools are becoming available to monitor various aspects of relevant animal- and environment-related features, often in real-time. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether certain parameters, such as animal movement and body temperature using microchips (IMT), correlate with established parameters and whether the currently used parameters can be rationalized. Results The percentage of movement was significantly reduced by M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs (p < 0.05), where the M. hyopneumoniae-infected group showed a lower percentage of movement (1.9%) when compared to the negative control group (6.9%). On the other hand, macroscopic (MLCL) and microscopic (MLL) lung lesions, respiratory disease score (RDS), M. hyopneumoniae-DNA load, and anti-M. hyopneumoniae antibody levels increased significantly in the M. hyopneumoniae-infected group 28 days post-inoculation (p < 0.05). Moderate (r > 0.30) to very strong correlations (> 0.80) were observed between the abovementioned parameters (p < 0.05), except for IMT. A significant and moderate correlation was reported between IMT and rectal temperature (r = 0.49; p < 0.05). Last, the average daily weight gain and the percentage of air in the lung were not affected by M. hyopneumoniae infection (p > 0.05). Conclusions M. hyopneumoniae infection significantly reduced the movement of piglets and increased lung lesions, M. hyopneumoniae-DNA load, and anti-M. hyopneumoniae antibody levels; and, good correlations were observed between most parameters, indicating a direct relationship between them. Thus, we suggest that changes in movement might be a reliable indicator of M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs, and that a selected group of parameters—specifically RDS, MLCL, MLL, M. hyopneumoniae-DNA load, anti-M. hyopneumoniae antibody levels, and movement—are optimal to assess M. hyopneumoniae infection under experimental conditions.