Different associations of general and abdominal obesity with upper and lower extremity artery disease among a community population in China

Abstract

Abstract Background The associations between obesity and abnormalities of upper and lower extremity arteries remain to be elucidated. This study is aimed to investigate whether general obesity and abdominal obesity are associated with upper and lower extremity artery diseases in a Chinese community population. Methods This cross-sectional study included 13,144 participants in a Chinese community population. The associations between obesity parameters and abnormalities of upper and lower extremity arteries were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independence of associations between obesity indicators and abnormalities of peripheral arteries. Nonlinear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.9 was evaluated using a restricted cubic spline model. Results The prevalence of ABI ≤ 0.9 and interarm blood pressure difference (IABPD) ≥ 15 mmHg in the subjects was 1.9% and 1.4% respectively. Waist circumference (WC) was independently associated with ABI ≤ 0.9 (OR 1.014, 95% CI 1.002–1.026, P = 0.017). Nevertheless, BMI was not independently associated with ABI ≤ 0.9 using linear statistical models. Meanwhile, BMI and WC were independently associated with IABPD ≥ 15 mmHg respectively (OR 1.139, 95% CI 1.100–1.181, P < 0.001, and OR 1.058, 95% CI 1.044–1.072, P < 0.001). Furthermore, prevalence of ABI ≤ 0.9 was displayed with a U-shaped pattern according to different BMI (< 20, 20 to < 25, 25 to < 30, and ≥ 30). Compared with BMI 20 to < 25, risk of ABI ≤ 0.9 was significantly increased when BMI < 20 or ≥ 30 respectively (OR 2.595, 95% CI 1.745–3.858, P < 0.001, or OR 1.618, 95% CI 1.087–2.410, P = 0.018). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a significant U-shaped relationship between BMI and risk of ABI ≤ 0.9 (P for non-linearity < 0.001). However, prevalence of IABPD ≥ 15 mmHg was significantly increased with incremental BMI (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with BMI 20 to < 25, the risk of IABPD ≥ 15 mmHg was significantly increased when BMI ≥ 30 (OR 3.218, 95% CI 2.133–4.855, P < 0.001). Conclusions Abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor for upper and lower extremity artery diseases. Meanwhile, general obesity is also independently associated with upper extremity artery disease. However, the association between general obesity and lower extremity artery disease is displayed with a U-shaped pattern.