Abstract
AbstractPiperonal is a simple aromatic aldehyde compound with a characteristic cherry-like aroma and has been widely used in the flavor and fragrance industries. Despite piperonal being an important aroma in black pepper (Piper nigrum), its biosynthesis remains unknown. In this study, the bioinformatic analysis of the P. nigrum transcriptome identified a novel hydratase-lyase, displaying 72% amino acid identity with vanillin synthase, a member of the cysteine proteinase family. In in vivo substrate-feeding and in vitro enzyme assays, the hydratase-lyase catalyzed a side-chain cleavage of 3,4-methylenedioxycinnamic acid (3,4-MDCA) to produce 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde (piperonal) and thus was named piperonal synthase (PnPNS). The optimal pH for PnPNS activity was 7.0, and showed a Km of 317.2 μM and a kcat of 2.7 s−1. The enzyme was most highly expressed in the leaves, followed by the fruit. This characterization allows for the implementation of PnPNS in various microbial platforms for the biological production of piperonal.
Funder
Agriculture Science and Technology Development
National Research Foundation
Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Organic Chemistry,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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