Mitigating risks in central line-associated bloodstream infection: a comprehensive insight into critical care nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and compliance

Abstract

Abstract Background Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a significant concern in intensive care units (ICUs) as they lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Fortunately, these infections are largely preventable through strict adherence to CLABSI prevention guidelines. Nurses play a critical role in preventing CLABSIs. Aim This study aimed to investigate factors affecting critical care nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers related to implementing CLABSI prevention guidelines, and to predict factors influencing compliance with these guidelines. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 30, 2023, with a convenience sample of 470 critical care nurses from ICUs across eight hospitals in Sana’a, Yemen. Data were collected using an observational checklist and self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Independent Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, and multilayer perceptron neural networks were performed. Results Critical care nurses exhibited low knowledge of CLABSI prevention guidelines, with compliance reaching an acceptable level. Despite the higher perceived barriers, the nurses demonstrated a positive attitude. Nurses with greater knowledge and positive attitudes displayed higher compliance levels. However, perceived barriers were negatively associated with knowledge and compliance. Notably, multilayer neural network analysis identified knowledge and perceived barriers as the strongest predictors of nurses' compliance. Conclusion The current findings emphasize the need for multifaceted strategies to implement the CLABSI prevention guidelines. These strategies should address knowledge gaps, support positive attitudes, and address practical barriers faced by nurses to ensure successful implementation of CLABSI prevention.