Neuroticism, physical activity, and cognitive functioning in a population-based cohort of older adults

Abstract

Abstract Background Little is known about how physical activity influences the relationship between neuroticism and cognitive function and cognitive decline. Methods Data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) was utilized to conduct this study. CHAP is a population-based cohort study of chronic conditions in older adults. Participants completed in-home interviews cycles of three years from 1993–2012. Mixed effects regression models were conducted to test the associations between physical activity, neuroticism, and the interaction between neuroticism and physical activity on outcomes: global cognitive function, global cognitive decline, episodic memory, decline in episodic memory, perceptual speed, and decline in perceptual speed. Stratified mixed effects regression models by physical activity level were conducted to test the associations between neuroticism and global cognitive function and global cognitive decline. Results A total of 7,685 participants were eligible for this study. Participants were 62% female and 64% African American. We found statistically significant associations for the interaction of high physical activity and neuroticism on baseline global cognitive function (β = 0.017 (SE = 0.007), p = .010) and on the interaction of neuroticism and high physical activity on baseline episodic memory (β = 0.020 (SE = .009), p = .021) and on decline in episodic memory over time (β = -0.003 (SE = .001), p = .039). Conclusion Higher physical activity lessened the association between higher neuroticism and poor cognitive outcomes.