Abstract
AbstractBackgroundAntarctica harbors the bulk of the species diversity of the dominant teleost fish suborder—Notothenioidei. However, the forces that shape their evolution are still under debate.ResultsWe sequenced the genome of an icefish,Chionodraco hamatus, and used population genomics and demographic modelling of sequenced genomes of 52C. hamatusindividuals collected mainly from two East Antarctic regions to investigate the factors driving speciation. Results revealed four icefish populations with clear reproduction separation were established 15 to 50 kya (kilo years ago) during the last glacial maxima (LGM). Selection sweeps in genes involving immune responses, cardiovascular development, and photoperception occurred differentially among the populations and were correlated with population-specific microbial communities and acquisition of distinct morphological features in the icefish taxa. Population and species-specific antifreeze glycoprotein gene expansion and glacial cycle-paced duplication/degeneration of the zona pellucida protein gene families indicated fluctuating thermal environments and periodic influence of glacial cycles on notothenioid divergence.ConclusionsWe revealed a series of genomic evidence indicating differential adaptation ofC. hamatuspopulations and notothenioid species divergence in the extreme and unique marine environment. We conclude that geographic separation and adaptation to heterogeneous pathogen, oxygen, and light conditions of local habitats, periodically shaped by the glacial cycles, were the key drivers propelling species diversity in Antarctica.
Funder
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Major Science Innovation Grant of the Shanghai Education Committee
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cell Biology,Developmental Biology,Plant Science,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Physiology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Structural Biology,Biotechnology
Cited by
5 articles.
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