A review of the clinical outcomes in idursulfase-treated and untreated Filipino patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II: data from the local lysosomal storage disease registry

Abstract

Abstract Background Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II; Hunter syndrome) is an X-linked multisystem disorder characterized by glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation, caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S). Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant idursulfase (IDS), the standard of care, was started in the Philippines in 2017. This study reviewed the clinical outcomes in idursulfase-treated and untreated Filipino MPS II patients who were included in the local Lysosomal Storage Disease (LSD) registry of the Institute of Human Genetics-National Institutes of Health (IHG-NIH) from January 1999 to December 2019. Methods A retrospective audit of records of MPS II patients listed in the registry was done. Qualified patients were divided into two cohorts: idursulfase-treated group (patients on enzyme replacement therapy, ERT, for ≥ 6 months) and untreated group. Baseline characteristics, including demographic data, biochemical results, neurocognitive classification, respiratory involvement, mortality, and adverse events, were recorded. Height, weight, cardiac pathology, liver and spleen sizes, six-minute walking test (6MWT), joint mobility, were determined at baseline and at year 1 and 2 of follow up. Results Forty male patients were included in this review, with only 8 receiving ERT since 2017. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.99 years (SD 4.15; 0.75–20) and mean age at start of ERT was 14.03 years (SD 7.1; 4–21.5), more delayed than previous reports. Eighty percent have early progressive phenotype which was higher than reported average. The early growth pattern differed in our Filipino cohort, but was followed by the expected slowed growth in later years. Improvements in the following endpoints were observed in the treated cohort: height and weight, cardiac disease, liver and spleen sizes, and joint mobility. There were also positive effects on respiratory involvement and mortality rate. Adverse events were consistent with previous reports. Conclusions ERT is generally well tolerated and effective in reducing GAG storage and improving clinical endpoints among our Filipino MPS II patients. In untreated patients, typical disease progression was observed.