Rapid progression of traumatic bifrontal contusions to transtentorial herniation: A case report

Author:

Rehman Tausif,Ali Rushna,Tawil Isaac,Yonas Howard

Abstract

Abstract We report a case of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury in which ICP monitoring or quantitative cerebral perfusion data may have allowed earlier recognition of impending herniation, avoidance of a secondary insult, and ultimately resulted in a better outcome, even though the patient did not meet the standard guidelines of the Brain Trauma Foundation. A thirty-five year old male who presented with traumatic bifrontal contusions and GCS of fourteen and twelve hours later progressed rapidly to having dilated pupils and transtentorial/central herniation over the course of fifteen minutes. The patient was taken emergently for a bifrontal craniectomy. Post operatively he had an acute infarct in the posterolateral left temporal lobe with expected evolution of parenchymal contusions as well as infarcts in the splenium of the corpus callosum, left thalamus and medial right occipital lobe. This case signifies an exception from the guidelines submitted by the Brain Trauma Foundation for intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with severe brain injury. We also point out previous reports which state that in such a patient a more sensitive test for detection would perhaps be quantitative blood flow monitoring, and may have led to a better outcome. We recommend using intracranial pressure monitoring or blood flow measurements to trend patients with bifrontal intraparenchymal contusions and GCS greater than eight to prevent clinically undetected deterioration from transtentorial/central herniation.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Medicine

Reference3 articles.

1. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care: Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury: indications for intracranial pressure monitoring. 2003, New York (NY): Brain Trauma Foundation, Inc, 47.

2. Wozney P, Yonas H, Latchaw RE, Gur D, Good W: Central herniation revealed by focal decrease in blood flow without elevation of intracranial pressure: a case report. Neurosurgery. 1985, 17 (4): 641-4. 10.1097/00006123-198510000-00018.

3. Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, Gordon D, Hartl R, Newell DW, Servadei F, Walters BC, Wilberger J: Surgical management of traumatic parenchymal lesions. Neurosurgery. 2006, 58 (3 Suppl): S25-4.

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