Author:
Pengsart Worakamol,Tongkrajang Nongnat,Whangviboonkij Narisara,Sarasombath Patsharaporn Techasintana,Kulkeaw Kasem
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Environmental protozoa need an adaptation mechanism to survive drastic changes in niches in the human body. In the brain parenchyma, Balamuthia mandrillaris trophozoites, which are causative agents of fatal brain damage, must acquire nutrients through the ingestion of surrounding cells. However, the mechanism deployed by the trophozoites for cellular uptake remains unknown.
Methods
Amoebic ingestion of human neural cell components was investigated using a coculture system of clinically isolated B. mandrillaris trophozoites and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Cell-to-cell interactions were visualized in a three-dimensional manner using confocal and holotomographic microscopes.
Results
The B. mandrillaris trophozoites first attached themselves to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and then twisted themselves around the cytoplasmic bridge. Based on fluorescence-based cell tracking, the B. mandrillaris trophozoites then inserted invadopodia into the cytoplasm of the human cells. Subsequently, the human protein-enriched components were internalized into the trophozoites in the form of nonmembranous granules, whereas the human lipids were dispersed in the cytoplasm. Intervention of trogocytosis, a process involving nibbling on parts of the target cells, failed to inhibit this cellular uptake.
Conclusions
Human cell ingestion by B. mandrillaris trophozoites likely differs from trogocytosis, suggesting that a pathogen-specific strategy can be used to ameliorate brain damage.
Graphical Abstract
Funder
Siriraj Graduate Scholarship, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
the Research Career Development Grant of the Thailand Science Research and Innovation and Mahidol University
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Parasitology
Cited by
4 articles.
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