Author:
Teou Diwaba Carmel,Dorkenoo Ameyo Monique,Ataba Essoham,Alidou Smaila,Yakpa Kossi,Abdou-Kerim Agueregna,Maman Issaka,Agbonon Amegnona
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In Togo, malaria remains a major public health problem, and the management of suspected cases requires confirmation with appropriate biological methods. Malaria diagnosis has been improved by the introduction of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for areas where microscopy is not available. To be used, these RDTs must meet performance criteria defined by the WHO. This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of two RDTs: Advantage P.f. Malaria Card® detecting HRP2 antigen and Advantage Malaria Pan + Pf Card® detecting both HRP2 and pLDH antigens.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 on malaria-suspected cases received in three sentinel sites in Togo and from whom capillary blood was collected to perform the two RDTs according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated by comparing to thick/thin blood smear, the gold standard, and to PCR, which is a more sensitive.
Results
A total of 390 participants (54.9% female) with a median age of 18 (± 0.8) years were included in the study. The sensitivity of both Advantage P.f. Malaria Card® and Advantage Malaria Pan + Pf Card® compared to thick/thin blood smear was 91.8% and 91.3%, respectively, and for both the specificity was 94.7%. Compared to PCR, the sensitivity was 84.2% and 83.8%, respectively, and the specificity 96.5%.
Conclusions
The performances of the Advantage P.f. Malaria Card® and Advantage Malaria PAN + Pf Card® compared to microscopy, considered the gold standard, were acceptable under the field conditions found in Togo. They can therefore be used for the biological diagnosis of malaria.
Graphical Abstract
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Parasitology,General Veterinary
Reference35 articles.
1. WHO. World malaria report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.
2. Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme. Rapport annuel 2020. Ministère de la Santé, de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel aux Soins du Togo. 2021.
3. Kim S, Nhem S, Dourng D, Ménard D. Malaria rapid diagnostic test as point-of-care test: study protocol for evaluating the VIKIA® Malaria Ag Pf/Pan. Malar J. 2015;14:1–8.
4. Wongsrichanalai C, Barcus MJ, Muth S, Sutamihardja A, Wernsdorfer WH. A review of malaria diagnostic tools: microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Defin Defeating Intolerable Burd Malar III Prog Perspect Suppl Vol 77 6 Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007.
5. OMS. L’Organisation mondiale de la Santé et la Fondation FIND officialisent une collaboration stratégique pour l’accès universel aux produits de diagnostic essentiels. 2020. https://www.who.int/fr/news/item/10-02-2020-who-and-find-formalize-strategic-collaboration-to-drive-universal-access-to-essential-diagnostics. Accessed 23 Aug 2022.