Author:
Ribeiro Gilmar,dos Santos Carlos G. S.,Lanza Fernanda,Reis Jamylle,Vaccarezza Fernanda,Diniz Camila,Miranda Diego Lopes Paim,de Araújo Renato Freitas,Cunha Gabriel Muricy,de Carvalho Cristiane Medeiros Moraes,Fonseca Eduardo Oyama Lins,dos Santos Roberto Fonseca,de Sousa Orlando Marcos Farias,Reis Renato Barbosa,de Araújo Wildo Navegantes,Gurgel-Gonçalves Rodrigo,dos Reis Mitermayer G.
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The identification of Trypanosoma cruzi and blood-meal sources in synanthropic triatomines is important to assess the potential risk of Chagas disease transmission. We identified T. cruzi infection and blood-meal sources of triatomines caught in and around houses in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, and mapped the occurrence of infected triatomines that fed on humans and domestic animals.
Methods
Triatominae bugs were manually captured by trained agents from the Epidemiologic Surveillance team of Bahia State Health Service between 2013 and 2014. We applied conventional PCR to detect T. cruzi and blood-meal sources (dog, cat, human and bird) in a randomized sample of triatomines. We mapped triatomine distribution and analyzed vector hotspots with kernel density spatial analysis.
Results
In total, 5906 triatomines comprising 15 species were collected from 127 out of 417 municipalities in Bahia. The molecular analyses of 695 triatomines revealed a ~10% T. cruzi infection rate, which was highest in the T. brasiliensis species complex. Most bugs were found to have fed on birds (74.2%), and other blood-meal sources included dogs (6%), cats (0.6%) and humans (1%). Trypanosoma cruzi-infected triatomines that fed on humans were detected inside houses. Spatial analysis showed a wide distribution of T. cruzi-infected triatomines throughout Bahia; triatomines that fed on dogs, humans, and cats were observed mainly in the northeast region.
Conclusions
Synanthropic triatomines have a wide distribution and maintain the potential risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans and domestic animals in Bahia. Ten species were recorded inside houses, mainly Triatoma sordida, T. pseudomaculata, and the T. brasiliensis species complex. Molecular and spatial analysis are useful to reveal T. cruzi infection and blood-meal sources in synanthropic triatomines, identifying areas with ongoing threat for parasite transmission and improving entomological surveillance strategies.
Funder
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Parasitology
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