Author:
Yu Jiong,Chen Wenxuan,Liu Qianyuan,Mi Jingyi
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pain intensity may be varied during the needle advancing through different skin layers, injection into the intradermal layer may exclude mixed pain from deeper planes. This study aimed to investigate whether compressing a three-dimensional (3D)-printed disk against the skin may relieve pain associated with intradermal injection of local anesthetic which mimics the skin test procedure.
Methods
After institutional review board approval, 3D-printed disks with projections were designed for this study. Enrolled patients were randomized to receive either a disk compressing against the axillary skin during the intradermal injection of local anesthesia (compressing disk group) or an intradermal injection of local anesthesia without any compression (no compressing disk group). The primary outcomes were pain intensity (100-mm visual analog scale) and satisfaction (5-point Likert scale) as assessed by patients.
Results
Ninety patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II physical status receiving intradermal local anesthesia prior to an ultrasound-guided axillary approach were included. Eighty-seven patients completed the study, with 44 and 43 patients in disk and no disk groups, respectively. Pain scores were significantly different (P < 0.001) in compressing disk (median, 10; IQR, 5–20) and no compressing disk (median, 30; IQR, 20–40) groups. The median satisfaction score was 5 in both groups. No complications occurred during follow-up.
Conclusion
Compressing a 3D-printed disk against the skin may reduce intradermal needle pain and offers an effective alternative for nerve block induction.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Reference37 articles.
1. Arbona FL, Khabiri B, Norton JA. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia: a practical approach to peripheral nerve blocks and perineural catheters. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011.
2. Canbulat Sahiner N, Turkmen AS, Acikgoz A, Simsek E, Kirel B. Effectiveness of two different methods for pain reduction during insulin injection in children with Type 1 diabetes: buzzy and ShotBlocker. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2018;15(6):464–70.
3. Drago LA, Singh SB, Douglass-Bright A, Yiadom MY, Baumann BM. Efficacy of ShotBlocker in reducing pediatric pain associated with intramuscular injections. Am J Emerg Med. 2009;27(5):536–43.
4. Celik N, Khorshid L. The use of ShotBlocker for reducing the pain and anxiety associated with intramuscular injection. Holist Nurs Pract. 2015;29(5):261–71.
5. Rinker BD, Atashroo DA, Stout MA, Wermeling FR. The effectiveness of a non-invasive shot blocking device for reducing pain of in-office injections in hand surgery. Hand. 2021;16(6):770–5.